Communcation skills
Communication is a two-way exchange of information, i.e., giving and receiving. Speaking and writing to someone are examples of giving information. Reading and listening to someone are examples of receiving information.
Communication skills are needed to • inform- influence and express feeling / Inform – for example, communicating the time of a meeting. • Influence – for example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price. • Express feelings – for example, to say or show that you are excited about your success or about a given task
Elements of Communication: It is a two-way process of sharing sender, receiver, message, communication channel, feedback
Communication: Act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules.
Non-Verbal Communication: Exchanging Information without Words /Body language (emotions, Facial expressions. posture, Eye contact. Touch, Aura/vibe,Paralanguage ) ,Gestures, signals. written )
Paralanguage means how we speak/The tone of our voice, speed and volume can make a difference in the meaning we want to show
Verbal Communication Verbal communication is the sharing of information using words /language and sound
Oral or Spoken Communication: Communication which involves talking /Face-to-face conversation: /Talking on a phone:
Written Communication:( Communication which involves written or typed words ) Writing on paper: letters, notes, etc. / SMS (Short Message Service): These can be sent through a phone to a person or a group. /Using email to share news, thoughts, documents and files (including photos, videos, music, etc.). e-mail can be used to send messages to a person or to a group. /Printed books and newspapers
3Ps of Public Speaking :Prepare , practice and perform
/Objectives of Effective communication : 1. Development of Interpersonal Skills 2. To express effectively & with maximum efficiency / 4 Communication Styles : Every person has a unique communication style, a way in which they interact and exchange information with others. 4 styles are :passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive and assertive / Passive: Usually fail to express their feelings or needs, allowing others to express themselves. It often display a lack of eye contact, poor body posture. / Aggressive: It is emphasized by speaking in a loud and demanding voice, maintaining intense eye contact and dominating or controlling others by blaming, intimidating, criticizing, threatening or attacking them, among other traits. It often issue commands, ask questions rudely and fail to listen to others. / Passive-aggressive: behavior is a pattern of indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of openly addressing them. People who are passive-aggressive are indirectly aggressive rather than being directly aggressive.Most passive-aggressive communicators will mutter to themselves rather than confront a person or issue. Passive-aggressive communicators are most likely to communicate with body language Assertive communicators: can express their own needs, desires, ideas and feelings, while also considering the needs of others. Assertive communicators aim for both sides to win in a situation, balancing one’s rights with the rights of others. /
7 Actions for Assertive Communication Be confident /Speak slowly and clearly / Be honest / Dress correctly / Don’t be aggressive /Speak up /Learn to say ‘NO’ /for saying ‘No’ politely by using the AEIOU model / A - Ask questions, E- Engage by using polite statements , I - Include a reason for saying no , O- Offer other options , U- Thank the person
Writing: Writing is a form of communication that allows students to put their feelings and ideas on paper, to organize their knowledge and beliefs into convincing arguments, and to convey meaning through well-constructed text. /Sentences : Simple, compound, and complex sentences / Simple sentence A simple sentence is one independent clause that has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. /A compound sentence allows us to share a lot of information by combining two or more related thoughts into one sentence. It combines two independent clauses by using a conjunction like “and.” /Complex sentence Is a sentence that combines one independent clause with at least one dependent clause. /Phrases - Phrases are a group of words that work together to communicate an element of speech. / 8 Parts of speech- A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. In English the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection /Persuasion Skills : Persuasion skills are an important tool for employees in every industry. The ability to influence others, present effective arguments and prompt others to act is a valuable asset that can be beneficial in a range of workplaces. Persuasion is the process of convincing someone else to carry out an action or agree with an idea. In the workplace, persuasion is used to sell products, recruit team members and increase productivity. An employee with strong persuasion skills can influence others to perform well and succeed. /
Effective communication can happen if we follow the basic principles of professional communication skills. These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs, i.e., clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete and courteous.
Self-Management Skills
The basic and important aspect of self - management is physical appearance, grooming, mannerisms and etiquettes of a person. This creates first image in the mind of people about others. / Self management Skills : Stress management /Impressive Appearance and Grooming / Personal Hygiene / Team Work/ Networking skill/ Self motivation/ Goal setting/ Strength and weakness analysis /
Definitions of Some Important Terms : Beliefs/Values/Like/Dislike/Opinion/ Background / Identity
Beliefs Belief is a feeling of certainty that something exists and is true,especially one without proof. For example, one’s belief in a friendship or superstition. /Values Values are principles or standards of behaviour; one’s judgement of what is important in life / Like It simply means things you enjoy or love doing. For example, solving mathematical problems or playing a sport. / Dislike It is the opposite of like; you disapprove it or do not enjoy doing it. For example, dislike towards someone who doesn’t treat people equally. / Opinion It means a view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact. For example, an opinion about someone’s career choice./ Background It refers to a person’s experiences, training and education. Background may emerge from type of childhood, education or type or family, etc. / Identity Identity is a set of behavioural or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognisable as a member of a group. /Strength and Weakness Analysis : Weaknesses: also known as 'areas of improvement' are what one does not do well and is not good at. Everybody has some weaknesses too. For example, a person cannot wake up on time or is not able to cope up with pressure, etc / Strengths or Abilities are what one does well and is good at. Everybody has some strengths. For example, a person is good at solving math problems or plays cricket well, etc /
Difference between Interests and Abilities Interests are the things that we enjoy doing. Interests can be • activities you like to do in your free time that makes you happy. • activities you are curious about or would do even if no one asked you to do it. • activities you want to learn or would like to do in the future.
Grooming: (dressing, Hair, clothes,Face) Dressing: refers to clothes you wear. Grooming is the process of making yourself look neat, tidy and clean / Clothes: Wear clean, neat and ironed clothes • Keep shoes clean and polished • Change socks everyday and always wear clean socks • Keep accessoroies like belts, jewellery, etc., simple and not flashy • Avoid showing body tatoos and piercing(s) / Hair : Comb hair neatly • Wash hair regularly to keep it clean • Get a haircut regularly • Wear simple hairstyles /Face : Wash face at regular intervals and wipe to keep it non-oily • Brush regularly to keep teeth clean, without any stains and no food stuck in them • Do not chew paan or gum • Boys should be clean-shaven or with neatly trimmed beard or moustache /
Personal Hygiene :Personal hygiene is the habit or practice of keeping ourselves clean. Cleanliness helps us to maintain our health and well-being. Being healthy allows you to be regular at school, college or work /Three Steps to Personal Hygiene : 1. CARE Grooming 2. WASH Stay Clean 3. AVOID Keep Healthy /
1. CARE Grooming : Includes • Keep your hair free of dandruff • Apply oil or cream on your skin as needed • Brush your teeth daily • Change your toothbrush when it is worn out • Keep your nails trim — cut your nails regularly /
2. WASH Stay Clean: Includes Wash your hands as many times as needed — before and after eating, when dirty, etc. • Take a bath every day • Wash your clothes regularly • Wash your hair at least once every second day • Wash your feet often • Take bath in the morning and evening (if you are sweaty or dirty)
3. AVOID Keep Healthy : • Avoid unhygienic food • Blow your nose or cough into a handkerchief to avoid spreading germs • Wash your handkerchief after use • Keep your feet dry and change your socks every day
Essential 7 Steps of Hand Washing: 1. Rub palms together 2.Rub the back of both hands 3.Interlace fingers and rub hands together 4. Interlock fingers and rub the back of fingers of both hands 5.Rub thumb in a rotating manner followed by the area between index finger and thumb for both hands 6.Rub fingertips on palm for both hands 7.Rub both wrists in a rotating manner
Team Work T - Together E - Everyone A - Achieve M - More
A team is a group of people working together towards achieving a common goal. Every team has a set of goals to achieve. The process of working together in a group is TEAM WORK. Every individual in a team plays an important role. Each individual in the team is called a team member.
Networking Skills :Networking is getting to know people, staying in touch with them over time and using their knowledge or skill in a way that it helps both parties. Networking skills involve two very important skills — listening sincerely and asking thoughtful questions.
Importance : Networking helps you to make dependable and trusted friends with whom you can 1.• share expertise and skills — 2.• seek and provide support in difficult times 3.• inform and be informed about new opportunities
six steps to help you build your networking skills. We call this the CONECT model :Converse ,Open up ,Network smartly ,Engage ,Communicate regularly and Tell
Self-motivation : it is our ability to do the things that need to be done without someone or something influencing us /Types of Motivation :
1.External Motivation: REWARD :We do things because it gives us respect, recognition, opportunities to grow further, money or power. Example — Suresh goes to the gym daily for 4 hours and does weightlifting as he wants to win the body-building competition.
2. Internal Motivation: LOVE :We do things because they make us happy, healthy and feel good. Example — Rajesh goes to the gym and does weightlifting to stay healthy and fit.
Qualities of Self-motivated People :1,know what they want from life 2.are focussed 3.know what is important 4.are dedicated to fulfill their dreams
Goals: are a set of dreams with a deadline to achieve them.
Goal Setting :Goal setting is all about finding and listing your goals and then planning on how to complete them.
SMART model to set goals. SMART stands for S - Specific M - Measurable A - Achievable R - Realistic T - Timebound
Time Management :Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day well and do all that you want to do . An example of good time management skills would be when you decide to finish your homework immediately after school so you have time to watch TV later in the evening.
Advantages : complete tasks on time. • make a daily timetable. • make a good guess at how long it will take you to do something. • submit homework and assignments before or on time. • not waste time during the day
Four Steps for Effective Time Management: Organise , Prioritise ,Control ,Track