Basic of ICT Skills

Types :

 1. CLI(Command Line interface or  CUI (Character user interface)

2. Interactive(GUI)

CUI(CLI) : Where user interact with computer by typing commands on command prompt. e.g DOS, UNIX, LINUX etc

GUI(Graphical user interface): User interact with computer using Various graphical items  in place of typing commands such as windows, menus, icons, pointers. 

These graphical items abbreviated to WIMP(Windows, Icons, Menu and Pointers) . e.g windows and Mac OS

GUI Operating systems were first  created by Xerox in 1973. 

Touch Screen Interface: These Operating systems are also interactive in nature and provide access via touch on screen. Touchscreen technology allows people to use their fingers to select icons menus and other items. Example of OSs supporting Touchscreen are window 8, Window 10 , Android ,iOS etc. Modern Portable devices such as Mobile phones, iPad, Car Dashboards, Modern cockpits etc. often use touchscreen technology

Some commonly user OS:

Linux: Free and Open Source OS

Windows: Developed by Microsoft 

BOSS(Bharat Operating System Solutions)

Solaris: Free Unix based Operating system

Mobile operating Systems

✓ Android

✓ Symbian

✓ Windows Phone

✓ iOS 

Working with Window 10 

Recycle bin

Files and folders deleted by the user are stored in the Recycle Bin. You can restore  files or folders deleted by mistake 

Restore Files/Folder from Recycle Bin window

 To recover a file from the Recycle Bin, right-click the file, and then click Restore.

 Or 

Select the file and click Restore this item 

Files and folders

Important role of Operating system  to manage files and folders on storage disk.

Files that contains information  in form of text

Folder is a location in computer hardisk  where you can store files and other folders

Start button It is located on the left of the taskbar. Clicking the Start button opens the Start menu and provides access to programs and features, like:

 Shut Down:- allows the user to turn off the computer 

• All Programs: - Provides access to all the installed programs and applications. To start an application, just click it. 

• Search Box: - This allows the user to search a file or a folder or run executable files. 

• Control panel: - This allows the user to change various settings. 

Worksheet 

1. What is an operating system? __

2. Mention any three functions of operating system. 

3. Name any three operating systems for computers 

4. Name any three mobile operating systems. 

5. What is the name given to the screen that appears after Windows operating system is loaded? 

6. Small images on the desktop are called ______

7. Name two special icons on the Desktop . _____________ 

8. Name the icon that provides access to all the drives, files and folders on a computer. __

9. Name the button to the left of the taskbar. _______

10. Picture for the desktop background is called _____________. 

Creating and managing files and folders

 Creating a folder

The steps to create a new folder are:

1. Double-click the Computer icon. (Fig 5)

2. Select the drive in which you want to create a

new folder. Say, Local Disk D:.

3. Window will open up showing files and folders

in Local Disc D: 

 Click New Folder on the toolbar.

Or

Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the

right column. A shortcut menu appears.

Select New ➢ Folder from the shortcut

menu. 

4. A new folder is created with name

New Folder highlighted 

5. Type a name for the folder 

To create a new file:

1. Right-click anywhere in the blank area of the

right-column.

2. In the Shortcut menu, click New and select

the type of the file you want to create. 

Renaming folders and files

To rename a file or a folder, the steps are:

1. Right-click the file or the folder.

2. From the shortcut menu, select

Rename option 

3. Type the new name or edit the existing name

and press the Enter key.

Or

Just select the file/folder and press Function key F2.

Deleting files or folders

To delete a file or a folder:

1. Click the file or the folder.

2. Press the Delete key.

Or

Right-click and select Delete option from the Shortcut menu.

1. Similar types of files can be placed into group called ___________[folder]

2. Mention any one way in which can create a new folder. 

3. To change the name of the folder, right-click and select __________ option from the Shortcut menu.    [rename]

4. How can you delete a folder? 

Copying Files and folders 

When you copy a file or a folder, duplicate of the original file or folder is created at the new location, the original remains as it is. 

You can copy a file or a folder in any one of the following ways: 

1. Shortcut menu: 

a. Right-click the file or the folder you want to copy. b. Select Copy option from the Shortcut menu. 

c. Select the drive or the folder where you want to make a copy of the selected file or folder. 

d. Right-click and select Paste option from the Shortcut menu. 

2. Drag and Drop method: 

To copy a file or a folder, hold down the Ctrl key while dragging it to the new location. 

3. Using Keyboard: 

a. Select the file or the folder.

 b. Press Ctrl + C to copy the file or the folder.

 c. Open the destination folder. 

d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file. 

 Moving Files and folders 

When you move a file or a folder, the original file or folder is moved to the new location. 

You can move a file or a folder in any one of the following ways: 

1. Shortcut menu:

 a. Right-click the file or the folder you want to copy. 

b. Select Cut option from the Shortcut menu.

c. Select the drive or the folder where you want to move the selected file or folder. 

d. Right-click and select Paste option from the Shortcut menu. 

2. Drag and Drop method:

 To copy a file or a folder, select the file and drag it to a new location. 

3. Using Keyboard: 

a. Select the file or the folder. 

b. Press Ctrl + X to cut the file or the folder. 

c. Open the destination folder. 

d. Press Ctrl + V to paste the copied file. 

Permanently Deleting Files

 You can permanently delete the contents of the Recycle Bin in any one of the following ways:

 Right-click the Recycle Bin icon and then click Empty Recycle Bin.

 OR 

1. Double-click the Recycle Bin icon.

 2. The Recycle Bin window appears. 

3. Click Empty the Recycle Bin. 

1. What is the difference between moving and copying a folder? 

 2. Differentiate between file and folder. 

3. Name the set of commands to move a folder from one location to another.

4. Name the place where deleted files are placed. 

 5. How can you empty the recycle Bin? 

1. Discuss the importance and need of care and maintenance of computer. 

Ans 

Regular maintenance of the system includes installing updates, security, taking backups, scans, etc 

a. Computer systems require maintenance so that the system works efficiently. Poor maintenance may lead to system failure.

b. Regular care and maintenance may help you detect any issues at an early stage and keep it functioning well.

c. Since a lot of important data is stored in the computer, it is necessary to have regular maintenance of the computer to be done.

1. What is the possible cause of slowing down of computer?

A large number of files are stored on the computer. These files can be disorganized and fragmented and may result in slowing down of the computer. 

2. Why keyboard should be covered if not in use?

Dirt and dust can cause damage to the keyboard. Keys of the keyboard may not function properly if dirt enters the keys. 

You should always clean the keyboard periodically by holding upside down and shaking it. 

You can also clean it by blowing it with compressed air. After this, use a damp lint-free cloth to clean

top of the keys. 

You should never spray any liquid cleaner or water directly on the keys of the keyboard.

3. What general precautions should you take while cleaning the computer/components?

General precautions to be taken while cleaning the computer components are: 

1  Always Power Off the computer system before cleaning. 

2. Apply Basic Skills for Care and Maintenance of Computer 

3 Never spray cleaning fluid directly on the component of the computer. First spray the liquid on the cloth and then wipe the component. 

4 Do not allow the cleaning liquid to drip near the circuit board. 

5. Preferably use anti-static wrist band which helps to prevent building up of static electricity near electronic device. 

4. List some of the maintenance activities for the computer system.

Some of the maintenance activities are:

 • Keep the components of the computer, like keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc. clean. 

• Replace hardware that is not functioning properly

 • Keep food items away from the computer 

• Cables and chords should not be messed up 

• Removing unauthorized software from the computer 

• Take regular backup of the data 

• Ensure backups are working properly by periodically restoring or checking of data. You should use external hard drive for backup of data on your computer. 

• Run anti-virus periodically 

• Keep anti-virus software up to date 

• Do not overcharge the batteries

 •Do not block the vents

 • Always shut down the computer properly 

Why regular disk defragmentation should be done?

A regular disk defragmentation should be done to remove all unnecessary information that slows down the computer. Disk defragmentation done at regular intervals helps the disc space to be used at an optimal level. 

Discuss various signs that indicate that computer is infected with virus.

Computer runs very slow 

• There is change in the file size

 • Computer often stops responding

 • There is an increase in number of files (unusual) 

• Unusual error message appears on the screen 

• Computer restarts on its own 

 Discuss various ways in which computer may get infected with virus. 

A computer virus can infect only the software and not the hardware, but computer may stop working.

A computer can get infected with virus in any of the following ways:

• Infected files

• Infected pen drives

• Infected CD-ROMs/DVD-ROMs

• Through infected file attachment of e-mails

How are temporary files created in computer?

Why we should remove temporary files from the computer? 

 Identify which of the following is a temporary file.

 a. Project.docx b. Mathsite.tmp 

Temporary files are created when you are running computer programs. 

Microsoft Windows and Windows programs often create a .TMP file as a temporary file. 

Temporary files are also created by web browsers to store your web browser history.

 These temp files take up a large amount of disk space so should be removed to clear space. 

How we can remove temporary files from computer ?

The steps to remove files of temporary folder are: 

1. Press Windows button + R on the keyboard. 

2. The Run dialog box appears. 

3. Type %temp% 

 4. The Temp folder opens 

 Click Ctrl + A to select all the files in the folder. 

 Press Delete key. 

5. A message box appears. Click Yes to confirm. 

How can you select all the files in a folder using the keyboard? 

Click Ctrl + A to select all the files in the folder. 

Which key combination will you press to get the Run dialog box? 

Press Windows button + R on the keyboard. 

What command will you write in the Open text box to open the Temp folder? 

Type %temp%